<span style="font-size:1em"> This maps shows the spatial distribution of combined pressures on biodiversity, water provisioning services, and carbon (in biomass and soils) at a global scale. We selected a number of existing datasets which best represented pressures on these 3 components, including: <ul> <li> The Human Footprint (HFP)(Venter et al. 2009); </li> <li> Data derived from the top five weighted water security risk factors obtained from Vörösmarty et al. (2010), aggregated within HydroBASINS (level 5) catchments (Lehner and Grill, 2013); </li> <li> Data on the number and intensity of active fires (MODIS), and climate change risk, based on the estimated difference between average annual future temperature for the reference year 2050 and mean annual historic temperature (1970 – present)(Karger et al. 2017). </li> </ul> These three layers are combined to illustrate broad scale patterns of cumulative human pressures and ascertain where the intrinsic values of nature are most at risk. <br /> <br /> <u>See:</u> <ul> <li> UNEP-WCMC (2020). Human pressures on biodiversity, water and carbon. Cambridge, UK. </li> </ul> <u>Other References:</u> <ul> <li> Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122." target="_blank">doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122.</a> </li> <li> Lehner, B. and Grill G. (2013): Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world's large river systems. Hydrological Processes, 27(15): 2171–2186. Data is available at <a href="www.hydrosheds.org">www.hydrosheds.org.</a> </li> <li> Venter, O., Sanderson, E. W., Magrach, A., et al. (2016). Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009. Scientific Data, 3, 160067. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.67." target="_blank">doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.67.</a> </li> <li> Vörösmarty, C., McIntyre, P., Gessner, M. et al. (2010). Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 467(7315), 555–561. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440." target="_blank">doi.org/10.1038/nature09440.</a> </li> </ul> </span> EPSG:3857